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• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition that affects the middle part of your vision. It usually first affects people in their 50s and 60s.
• It doesn't cause total blindness. But it can make everyday activities like reading and recognising faces difficult.
• Without treatment, your vision may get worse. This can happen gradually over several years ('dry AMD'), or quickly over a few weeks or months ('wet AMD').
• The exact cause is unknown. It's been linked to smoking, high blood pressure, being overweight and having a family history of AMD.

Page last reviewed: 27 March 2018
Next review due: 27 March 2021

AMD defined

AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in the U.S. It destroys the macula, the part of the eye that provides sharp, central vision needed for seeing objects clearly. Prevalence estimates are on late AMD, involving neovascular AMD and geographic atrophy.

2010 U.S. age-specific prevalence rates for AMD by age and race/ethnicity

The risk of AMD increases with age. The disease is most common among older white Americans, affecting more than 14 percent of white Americans age 80 and older.

2010 prevalence rates of AMD by race

White Americans have the greatest likelihood of developing AMD. In 2010, 2.5 percent of white adults age 50 and older had AMD. By comparison, AMD affected 0.9 percent each of blacks, Hispanics and people of other races.

2010 U.S. prevalent cases of AMD (in thousands) by race/ethnicity

The majority of AMD cases occur among white Americans. In 2010, 89 percent of Americans with AMD were white. By comparison, black and Hispanic American populations each accounted for four percent of AMD cases.

2010 U.S. prevalent cases of AMD (in thousands) by gender

Women generally have a longer life expectancy than men and are therefore more likely to develop age-related eye diseases such as AMD. In 2010, 65 percent of AMD cases were in women compared with 35 percent in men.

Projections for AMD (2010-2030-2050)

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By 2050, the estimated number of people with AMD is expected to more than double from 2.07 million to 5.44 million. White Americans will continue to account for the majority of cases. However, Hispanics will see the greatest rate of increase, with a nearly six-fold rise in the number of expected cases from 2010 to 2050.

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Changes of cases between 2000 and 2010

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As the proportion of people in the U.S. age 65 and older grows larger, more people are developing age-related diseases such as AMD. From 2000-2010, the number of people with AMD grew 18 percent, from 1.75 million to 2.07 million.